18.2. `json` — JSON encoder and decoder¶

New in version 2.6.

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), specified by RFC 4627, is a lightweight data interchange format based on a subset of JavaScript syntax (ECMA-262 3rd edition).

json exposes an API familiar to users of the standard library marshal and pickle modules.

Encoding basic Python object hierarchies:

>>> import json
>>> json.dumps(['foo', {'bar': ('baz', None, 1.0, 2)}])
'["foo", {"bar": ["baz", null, 1.0, 2]}]'
>>> print json.dumps("\"foo\bar")
"\"foo\bar"
>>> print json.dumps(u'\u1234')
"\u1234"
>>> print json.dumps('\\')
"\\"
>>> print json.dumps({"c": 0, "b": 0, "a": 0}, sort_keys=True)
{"a": 0, "b": 0, "c": 0}
>>> from StringIO import StringIO
>>> io = StringIO()
>>> json.dump(['streaming API'], io)
>>> io.getvalue()
'["streaming API"]'

Compact encoding:

>>> import json
>>> json.dumps([1,2,3,{'4': 5, '6': 7}], separators=(',',':'))
'[1,2,3,{"4":5,"6":7}]'

Pretty printing:

>>> import json
>>> print json.dumps({'4': 5, '6': 7}, sort_keys=True,
...                  indent=4, separators=(',', ': '))
{
    "4": 5,
    "6": 7
}

Decoding JSON:

>>> import json
>>> json.loads('["foo", {"bar":["baz", null, 1.0, 2]}]')
[u'foo', {u'bar': [u'baz', None, 1.0, 2]}]
>>> json.loads('"\\"foo\\bar"')
u'"foo\x08ar'
>>> from StringIO import StringIO
>>> io = StringIO('["streaming API"]')
>>> json.load(io)
[u'streaming API']

Specializing JSON object decoding:

>>> import json
>>> def as_complex(dct):
...     if '__complex__' in dct:
...         return complex(dct['real'], dct['imag'])
...     return dct
...
>>> json.loads('{"__complex__": true, "real": 1, "imag": 2}',
...     object_hook=as_complex)
(1+2j)
>>> import decimal
>>> json.loads('1.1', parse_float=decimal.Decimal)
Decimal('1.1')

Extending JSONEncoder:

>>> import json
>>> class ComplexEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
...     def default(self, obj):
...         if isinstance(obj, complex):
...             return [obj.real, obj.imag]
...         # Let the base class default method raise the TypeError
...         return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)
...
>>> dumps(2 + 1j, cls=ComplexEncoder)
'[2.0, 1.0]'
>>> ComplexEncoder().encode(2 + 1j)
'[2.0, 1.0]'
>>> list(ComplexEncoder().iterencode(2 + 1j))
['[', '2.0', ', ', '1.0', ']']

Using json.tool from the shell to validate and pretty-print:

$ echo '{"json":"obj"}' | python -mjson.tool
{
    "json": "obj"
}
$ echo '{1.2:3.4}' | python -mjson.tool
Expecting property name enclosed in double quotes: line 1 column 2 (char 1)

Note

JSON is a subset of YAML 1.2. The JSON produced by this module’s default settings (in particular, the default separators value) is also a subset of YAML 1.0 and 1.1. This module can thus also be used as a YAML serializer.

18.2.1. Basic Usage¶

json.dump(obj, fp, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, encoding="utf-8", default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw)¶

Serialize obj as a JSON formatted stream to fp (a .write()-supporting file-like object) using this conversion table.

If skipkeys is True (default: False), then dict keys that are not of a basic type (str, unicode, int, long, float, bool, None) will be skipped instead of raising a TypeError.

If ensure_ascii is True (the default), all non-ASCII characters in the output are escaped with \uXXXX sequences, and the result is a str instance consisting of ASCII characters only. If ensure_ascii is False, some chunks written to fp may be unicode instances. This usually happens because the input contains unicode strings or the encoding parameter is used. Unless fp.write() explicitly understands unicode (as in codecs.getwriter()) this is likely to cause an error.

If check_circular is False (default: True), then the circular reference check for container types will be skipped and a circular reference will result in an OverflowError (or worse).

If allow_nan is False (default: True), then it will be a ValueError to serialize out of range float values (nan, inf, -inf) in strict compliance of the JSON specification, instead of using the JavaScript equivalents (NaN, Infinity, -Infinity).

If indent is a non-negative integer, then JSON array elements and object members will be pretty-printed with that indent level. An indent level of 0, or negative, will only insert newlines. None (the default) selects the most compact representation.

Note

Since the default item separator is ', ', the output might include trailing whitespace when indent is specified. You can use separators=(',', ': ') to avoid this.

If separators is an (item_separator, dict_separator) tuple, then it will be used instead of the default (', ', ': ') separators. (',', ':') is the most compact JSON representation.

encoding is the character encoding for str instances, default is UTF-8.

default(obj) is a function that should return a serializable version of obj or raise TypeError. The default simply raises TypeError.

If sort_keys is True (default: False), then the output of dictionaries will be sorted by key.

To use a custom JSONEncoder subclass (e.g. one that overrides the default() method to serialize additional types), specify it with the cls kwarg; otherwise JSONEncoder is used.

Note

Unlike pickle and marshal, JSON is not a framed protocol so trying to serialize more objects with repeated calls to dump() and the same fp will result in an invalid JSON file.

json.dumps(obj, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None, encoding="utf-8", default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw)¶

Serialize obj to a JSON formatted str using this conversion table. If ensure_ascii is False, the result may contain non-ASCII characters and the return value may be a unicode instance.

The arguments have the same meaning as in dump().

Note

Keys in key/value pairs of JSON are always of the type str. When a dictionary is converted into JSON, all the keys of the dictionary are coerced to strings. As a result of this, if a dictionary is converted into JSON and then back into a dictionary, the dictionary may not equal the original one. That is, loads(dumps(x)) != x if x has non-string keys.

json.load(fp[, encoding[, cls[, object_hook[, parse_float[, parse_int[, parse_constant[, object_pairs_hook[, **kw]]]]]]]])¶

Deserialize fp (a .read()-supporting file-like object containing a JSON document) to a Python object using this conversion table.

If the contents of fp are encoded with an ASCII based encoding other than UTF-8 (e.g. latin-1), then an appropriate encoding name must be specified. Encodings that are not ASCII based (such as UCS-2) are not allowed, and should be wrapped with codecs.getreader(encoding)(fp), or simply decoded to a unicode object and passed to loads().

object_hook is an optional function that will be called with the result of any object literal decoded (a dict). The return value of object_hook will be used instead of the dict. This feature can be used to implement custom decoders (e.g. JSON-RPC class hinting).

object_pairs_hook is an optional function that will be called with the result of any object literal decoded with an ordered list of pairs. The return value of object_pairs_hook will be used instead of the dict. This feature can be used to implement custom decoders that rely on the order that the key and value pairs are decoded (for example, collections.OrderedDict() will remember the order of insertion). If object_hook is also defined, the object_pairs_hook takes priority.

Changed in version 2.7: Added support for object_pairs_hook.

parse_float, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON float to be decoded. By default, this is equivalent to float(num_str). This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON floats (e.g. decimal.Decimal).

parse_int, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON int to be decoded. By default, this is equivalent to int(num_str). This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON integers (e.g. float).

parse_constant, if specified, will be called with one of the following strings: '-Infinity', 'Infinity', 'NaN'. This can be used to raise an exception if invalid JSON numbers are encountered.

Changed in version 2.7: parse_constant doesn’t get called on ‘null’, ‘true’, ‘false’ anymore.

To use a custom JSONDecoder subclass, specify it with the cls kwarg; otherwise JSONDecoder is used. Additional keyword arguments will be passed to the constructor of the class.

json.loads(s[, encoding[, cls[, object_hook[, parse_float[, parse_int[, parse_constant[, object_pairs_hook[, **kw]]]]]]]])¶

Deserialize s (a str or unicode instance containing a JSON document) to a Python object using this conversion table.

If s is a str instance and is encoded with an ASCII based encoding other than UTF-8 (e.g. latin-1), then an appropriate encoding name must be specified. Encodings that are not ASCII based (such as UCS-2) are not allowed and should be decoded to unicode first.

The other arguments have the same meaning as in load().

18.2.2. Encoders and Decoders¶

class json.JSONDecoder([encoding[, object_hook[, parse_float[, parse_int[, parse_constant[, strict[, object_pairs_hook]]]]]]])¶

Simple JSON decoder.

Performs the following translations in decoding by default:

JSON	Python
object	dict
array	list
string	unicode
number (int)	int, long
number (real)	float
true	True
false	False
null	None

It also understands NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity as their corresponding float values, which is outside the JSON spec.

encoding determines the encoding used to interpret any str objects decoded by this instance (UTF-8 by default). It has no effect when decoding unicode objects.

Note that currently only encodings that are a superset of ASCII work, strings of other encodings should be passed in as unicode.

object_hook, if specified, will be called with the result of every JSON object decoded and its return value will be used in place of the given dict. This can be used to provide custom deserializations (e.g. to support JSON-RPC class hinting).

object_pairs_hook, if specified will be called with the result of every JSON object decoded with an ordered list of pairs. The return value of object_pairs_hook will be used instead of the dict. This feature can be used to implement custom decoders that rely on the order that the key and value pairs are decoded (for example, collections.OrderedDict() will remember the order of insertion). If object_hook is also defined, the object_pairs_hook takes priority.

Changed in version 2.7: Added support for object_pairs_hook.

parse_float, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON float to be decoded. By default, this is equivalent to float(num_str). This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON floats (e.g. decimal.Decimal).

parse_int, if specified, will be called with the string of every JSON int to be decoded. By default, this is equivalent to int(num_str). This can be used to use another datatype or parser for JSON integers (e.g. float).

parse_constant, if specified, will be called with one of the following strings: '-Infinity', 'Infinity', 'NaN', 'null', 'true', 'false'. This can be used to raise an exception if invalid JSON numbers are encountered.

If strict is False (True is the default), then control characters will be allowed inside strings. Control characters in this context are those with character codes in the 0-31 range, including '\t' (tab), '\n', '\r' and '\0'.

decode(s)¶: Return the Python representation of s (a str or unicode instance containing a JSON document)

raw_decode(s)¶

Decode a JSON document from s (a str or unicode beginning with a JSON document) and return a 2-tuple of the Python representation and the index in s where the document ended.

This can be used to decode a JSON document from a string that may have extraneous data at the end.

class json.JSONEncoder([skipkeys[, ensure_ascii[, check_circular[, allow_nan[, sort_keys[, indent[, separators[, encoding[, default]]]]]]]]])¶

Extensible JSON encoder for Python data structures.

Supports the following objects and types by default:

Python	JSON
dict	object
list, tuple	array
str, unicode	string
int, long, float	number
True	true
False	false
None	null

To extend this to recognize other objects, subclass and implement a default() method with another method that returns a serializable object for o if possible, otherwise it should call the superclass implementation (to raise TypeError).

If skipkeys is False (the default), then it is a TypeError to attempt encoding of keys that are not str, int, long, float or None. If skipkeys is True, such items are simply skipped.

If ensure_ascii is True (the default), all non-ASCII characters in the output are escaped with \uXXXX sequences, and the results are str instances consisting of ASCII characters only. If ensure_ascii is False, a result may be a unicode instance. This usually happens if the input contains unicode strings or the encoding parameter is used.

If check_circular is True (the default), then lists, dicts, and custom encoded objects will be checked for circular references during encoding to prevent an infinite recursion (which would cause an OverflowError). Otherwise, no such check takes place.

If allow_nan is True (the default), then NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity will be encoded as such. This behavior is not JSON specification compliant, but is consistent with most JavaScript based encoders and decoders. Otherwise, it will be a ValueError to encode such floats.

If sort_keys is True (default False), then the output of dictionaries will be sorted by key; this is useful for regression tests to ensure that JSON serializations can be compared on a day-to-day basis.

If indent is a non-negative integer (it is None by default), then JSON array elements and object members will be pretty-printed with that indent level. An indent level of 0 will only insert newlines. None is the most compact representation.

Note

Since the default item separator is ', ', the output might include trailing whitespace when indent is specified. You can use separators=(',', ': ') to avoid this.

If specified, separators should be an (item_separator, key_separator) tuple. The default is (', ', ': '). To get the most compact JSON representation, you should specify (',', ':') to eliminate whitespace.

If specified, default is a function that gets called for objects that can’t otherwise be serialized. It should return a JSON encodable version of the object or raise a TypeError.

If encoding is not None, then all input strings will be transformed into unicode using that encoding prior to JSON-encoding. The default is UTF-8.

default(o)¶

Implement this method in a subclass such that it returns a serializable object for o, or calls the base implementation (to raise a TypeError).

For example, to support arbitrary iterators, you could implement default like this:

def default(self, o):
   try:
       iterable = iter(o)
   except TypeError:
       pass
   else:
       return list(iterable)
   # Let the base class default method raise the TypeError
   return JSONEncoder.default(self, o)

encode(o)¶

Return a JSON string representation of a Python data structure, o. For example:

>>> JSONEncoder().encode({"foo": ["bar", "baz"]})
'{"foo": ["bar", "baz"]}'

iterencode(o)¶

Encode the given object, o, and yield each string representation as available. For example:

for chunk in JSONEncoder().iterencode(bigobject):
    mysocket.write(chunk)

18.2.3. Standard Compliance¶

The JSON format is specified by RFC 4627. This section details this module’s level of compliance with the RFC. For simplicity, JSONEncoder and JSONDecoder subclasses, and parameters other than those explicitly mentioned, are not considered.

This module does not comply with the RFC in a strict fashion, implementing some extensions that are valid JavaScript but not valid JSON. In particular:

Top-level non-object, non-array values are accepted and output;
Infinite and NaN number values are accepted and output;
Repeated names within an object are accepted, and only the value of the last name-value pair is used.

Since the RFC permits RFC-compliant parsers to accept input texts that are not RFC-compliant, this module’s deserializer is technically RFC-compliant under default settings.

18.2.3.1. Character Encodings¶

The RFC recommends that JSON be represented using either UTF-8, UTF-16, or UTF-32, with UTF-8 being the default. Accordingly, this module uses UTF-8 as the default for its encoding parameter.

This module’s deserializer only directly works with ASCII-compatible encodings; UTF-16, UTF-32, and other ASCII-incompatible encodings require the use of workarounds described in the documentation for the deserializer’s encoding parameter.

The RFC also non-normatively describes a limited encoding detection technique for JSON texts; this module’s deserializer does not implement this or any other kind of encoding detection.

As permitted, though not required, by the RFC, this module’s serializer sets ensure_ascii=True by default, thus escaping the output so that the resulting strings only contain ASCII characters.

18.2.3.2. Top-level Non-Object, Non-Array Values¶

The RFC specifies that the top-level value of a JSON text must be either a JSON object or array (Python dict or list). This module’s deserializer also accepts input texts consisting solely of a JSON null, boolean, number, or string value:

>>> just_a_json_string = '"spam and eggs"'  # Not by itself a valid JSON text
>>> json.loads(just_a_json_string)
u'spam and eggs'

This module itself does not include a way to request that such input texts be regarded as illegal. Likewise, this module’s serializer also accepts single Python None, bool, numeric, and str values as input and will generate output texts consisting solely of a top-level JSON null, boolean, number, or string value without raising an exception:

>>> neither_a_list_nor_a_dict = u"spam and eggs"
>>> json.dumps(neither_a_list_nor_a_dict)  # The result is not a valid JSON text
'"spam and eggs"'

This module’s serializer does not itself include a way to enforce the aforementioned constraint.

18.2.3.3. Infinite and NaN Number Values¶

The RFC does not permit the representation of infinite or NaN number values. Despite that, by default, this module accepts and outputs Infinity, -Infinity, and NaN as if they were valid JSON number literal values:

>>> # Neither of these calls raises an exception, but the results are not valid JSON
>>> json.dumps(float('-inf'))
'-Infinity'
>>> json.dumps(float('nan'))
'NaN'
>>> # Same when deserializing
>>> json.loads('-Infinity')
-inf
>>> json.loads('NaN')
nan

In the serializer, the allow_nan parameter can be used to alter this behavior. In the deserializer, the parse_constant parameter can be used to alter this behavior.

18.2.3.4. Repeated Names Within an Object¶

The RFC specifies that the names within a JSON object should be unique, but does not specify how repeated names in JSON objects should be handled. By default, this module does not raise an exception; instead, it ignores all but the last name-value pair for a given name:

>>> weird_json = '{"x": 1, "x": 2, "x": 3}'
>>> json.loads(weird_json)
{u'x': 3}

The object_pairs_hook parameter can be used to alter this behavior.

18.2. `json` — JSON encoder and decoder¶

18.2.1. Basic Usage¶

18.2.2. Encoders and Decoders¶

18.2.3. Standard Compliance¶

18.2.3.1. Character Encodings¶

18.2.3.2. Top-level Non-Object, Non-Array Values¶

18.2.3.3. Infinite and NaN Number Values¶

18.2.3.4. Repeated Names Within an Object¶

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email-examples.html	45.654 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
email.charset.html	26.804 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
email.encoders.html	11.856 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
email.errors.html	15.767 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
email.generator.html	20.771 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
email.header.html	26.922 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
email.html	44.235 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
email.iterators.html	11.521 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
email.message.html	63.156 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
email.mime.html	27.928 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
email.parser.html	30.452 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
email.util.html	24.461 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
errno.html	37.994 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
exceptions.html	56.126 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
fcntl.html	22.673 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
filecmp.html	22.299 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
fileformats.html	9.136 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
fileinput.html	24.278 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
filesys.html	10.203 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
fl.html	49.923 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
fm.html	11.905 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
fnmatch.html	14.577 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
formatter.html	34.061 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
fpectl.html	16.008 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
fpformat.html	10.587 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
fractions.html	22.608 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
framework.html	33.345 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
frameworks.html	7.143 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
ftplib.html	43.989 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
functions.html	183.145 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
functools.html	27.169 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
future_builtins.html	13.04 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
gc.html	25.75 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
gdbm.html	15.965 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
gensuitemodule.html	11.513 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
getopt.html	23.662 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
getpass.html	10.652 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:47	R E G D
gettext.html	78.757 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
gl.html	22.094 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
glob.html	13.26 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
grp.html	10.494 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
gzip.html	18.985 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
hashlib.html	18.198 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
heapq.html	31.61 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
hmac.html	10.464 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
hotshot.html	18.649 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
htmllib.html	25.315 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
htmlparser.html	39.114 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
httplib.html	62.95 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
i18n.html	9.523 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
ic.html	17.169 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
idle.html	20.896 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
imageop.html	14.765 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
imaplib.html	51.986 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
imgfile.html	11.712 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
imghdr.html	11.297 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
imp.html	34.344 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
importlib.html	8.258 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
imputil.html	31.808 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
index.html	72.778 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
inspect.html	50.705 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
internet.html	24.872 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
intro.html	8.935 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
io.html	98.13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
ipc.html	13.405 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
itertools.html	115.905 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
jpeg.html	12.743 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
json.html	67.037 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
keyword.html	7.677 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
language.html	11.027 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
linecache.html	10.591 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
locale.html	55.137 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
logging.config.html	63.355 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
logging.handlers.html	69.645 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
logging.html	95.645 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
mac.html	21.787 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
macos.html	14.758 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
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macostools.html	15.516 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
macpath.html	7.764 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
mailbox.html	156.753 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
mailcap.html	13.215 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
markup.html	18.772 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
marshal.html	17.977 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
math.html	39.242 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
md5.html	13.968 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
mhlib.html	21.537 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
mimetools.html	19.251 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
mimetypes.html	28.39 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
mimewriter.html	15.016 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
mimify.html	13.361 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
miniaeframe.html	12.199 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
misc.html	6.868 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
mm.html	9.032 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
mmap.html	28.364 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
modulefinder.html	15.313 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
modules.html	8.456 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
msilib.html	52.431 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
msvcrt.html	19.372 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
multifile.html	24.297 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
multiprocessing.html	365.706 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
mutex.html	11.231 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
netdata.html	16.983 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
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new.html	12.122 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
nis.html	10.636 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
nntplib.html	41.919 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
numbers.html	37.748 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
numeric.html	13.553 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
operator.html	82 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
optparse.html	222.556 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
os.html	214.245 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
os.path.html	38.341 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
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othergui.html	9.084 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
parser.html	39.363 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
pdb.html	33.961 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
persistence.html	14.865 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
pickle.html	102.271 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
pickletools.html	10.631 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
pipes.html	18.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
pkgutil.html	25.107 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
platform.html	28.367 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
plistlib.html	17.028 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
popen2.html	25.431 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
poplib.html	22.321 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
posix.html	14.413 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
posixfile.html	19.763 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
pprint.html	29.922 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
profile.html	63.556 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
pty.html	9.478 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
pwd.html	11.428 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
py_compile.html	11.116 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
pyclbr.html	14.707 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
pydoc.html	11.484 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
pyexpat.html	71.528 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
python.html	12.274 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
queue.html	24.22 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
quopri.html	11.896 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
random.html	37.835 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
re.html	134.742 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
readline.html	28.24 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
repr.html	20.427 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
resource.html	26.483 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
restricted.html	11.647 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
rexec.html	37.41 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
rfc822.html	42.22 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
rlcompleter.html	13.506 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
robotparser.html	12.268 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
runpy.html	19.339 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
sched.html	18.543 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
scrolledtext.html	9.315 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
select.html	39.672 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
sets.html	36.918 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
sgi.html	9.712 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
sgmllib.html	30.771 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
sha.html	12.088 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
shelve.html	27.021 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
shlex.html	32.102 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
shutil.html	40.218 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
signal.html	31.136 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
simplehttpserver.html	18.41 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
simplexmlrpcserver.html	31.388 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
site.html	23.637 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
smtpd.html	12.465 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
smtplib.html	42.127 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
sndhdr.html	10.018 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
socket.html	106.338 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
socketserver.html	59.829 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
someos.html	15.106 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
spwd.html	10.328 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
sqlite3.html	139.502 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
ssl.html	65.622 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
stat.html	32.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
statvfs.html	10.604 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
stdtypes.html	260.401 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
string.html	106.649 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
stringio.html	18.813 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
stringprep.html	16.13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
strings.html	14.927 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
struct.html	40.878 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
subprocess.html	84.912 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
sun.html	6.843 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
sunau.html	27.104 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
sunaudio.html	17.795 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
symbol.html	7.66 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
symtable.html	22.937 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
sys.html	98.698 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
sysconfig.html	23.844 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
syslog.html	17.919 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
tabnanny.html	10.631 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
tarfile.html	78.683 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
telnetlib.html	25.479 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
tempfile.html	29.416 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
termios.html	16.011 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
test.html	52.621 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
textwrap.html	27.253 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
thread.html	20.468 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
threading.html	76.69 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
time.html	56.927 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
timeit.html	36.267 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
tix.html	46.959 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
tk.html	23.644 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
tkinter.html	67.666 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
token.html	19.617 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
tokenize.html	18.445 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
trace.html	25.535 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
traceback.html	33.438 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
ttk.html	101.749 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
tty.html	9.058 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
turtle.html	211.742 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
types.html	27.591 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
undoc.html	23.156 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
unicodedata.html	18.546 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
unittest.html	202.848 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
unix.html	10.551 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
urllib.html	58.682 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
urllib2.html	100.578 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
urlparse.html	40.414 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
user.html	11.826 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
userdict.html	29.729 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
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uuid.html	28.191 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
warnings.html	46.599 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
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weakref.html	36.521 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
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whichdb.html	8.853 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
windows.html	9.335 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
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xml.dom.html	89.044 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
xml.dom.minidom.html	40.42 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
xml.dom.pulldom.html	12.705 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
xml.etree.elementtree.html	93.219 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
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xml.sax.reader.html	39.086 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
xml.sax.utils.html	14.257 KB	-rw-r--r--	2019-07-03 16:48	R E G D
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18.2. json — JSON encoder and decoder¶

18.2.1. Basic Usage¶

18.2.2. Encoders and Decoders¶

18.2.3. Standard Compliance¶

18.2.3.1. Character Encodings¶

18.2.3.2. Top-level Non-Object, Non-Array Values¶

18.2.3.3. Infinite and NaN Number Values¶

18.2.3.4. Repeated Names Within an Object¶

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18.2. `json` — JSON encoder and decoder¶